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SecurityJuly 20, 2026 7 min read

AES-GCM vs ChaCha20-Poly1305

Both encrypt and authenticate in one pass. AES-GCM wins on hardware-accelerated chips; ChaCha20-Poly1305 wins in pure software and on small devices. The rest of the decision is your platform.

Encrypt text or files locally with AES-256-GCM — your data never leaves your browser.

Both are authenticated encryption

AES-GCM and ChaCha20-Poly1305 are AEAD constructions: they encrypt data and authenticate it in one operation, so tampering is detected. Both are used in TLS 1.3 and modern protocols.

AES-GCM is standardized by NIST SP 800-38D; ChaCha20-Poly1305 is standardized by RFC 8439. Neither has a known practical break in 2026.

AES-GCM: fast when hardware helps

On CPUs with AES-NI or ARM Crypto Extensions, AES-GCM runs extremely fast because the block cipher is executed in hardware. That is why it is the default in browsers, servers, and TLS.

Its weak points are subtle: reusing a nonce with the same key is catastrophic, truncated tags weaken security, and on devices without hardware support, GHASH can be slow or side-channel sensitive.

ChaCha20-Poly1305: fast in pure software

ChaCha20 is an ARX cipher (add, rotate, xor) designed to be fast and constant-time in software, with no special hardware needed. Poly1305 authenticates the ciphertext.

It shines on mobile devices, embedded systems, and CPUs without AES-NI, and it avoids the GHASH side-channel pitfalls of GCM on such hardware.

Side by side

PropertyAES-256-GCMChaCha20-Poly1305
StandardNIST SP 800-38DRFC 8439
Hardware accelerationExcellent with AES-NINot required
Software speedModerate without AES-NIFast, constant-time
Nonce size96 bits typical96 bits
Side-channel riskGHASH without hardwareLow by design

What decides it

  • Browsers and servers with AES-NI: AES-GCM is fast and battle-tested
  • Mobile, embedded, or CPUs without crypto extensions: ChaCha20-Poly1305 is often the better choice
  • TLS 1.3: let the stack negotiate; both are strong
  • This site uses AES-256-GCM with PBKDF2 via the Web Crypto API, so encryption works natively in every modern browser

Warning: Whichever cipher you use, never reuse a nonce with the same key. A repeated nonce destroys both confidentiality and authentication for AES-GCM and ChaCha20-Poly1305 alike.

FAQ

Q.Is ChaCha20 more secure than AES?

A.Both are considered secure. ChaCha20 offers better software performance and simpler side-channel resistance; AES offers mature hardware acceleration. Choose by platform, not by perceived strength.

Q.Can I use ChaCha20-Poly1305 in the browser?

A.The Web Crypto API does not expose ChaCha20-Poly1305 in all browsers, which is why browser tools typically use AES-GCM. Native platforms can use both via libraries such as libsodium.

Q.Why does the ZeyroVault encryptor use AES-GCM?

A.AES-256-GCM is supported by the Web Crypto API in every modern browser, hardware-accelerated, and standardized. It keeps encryption native, fast, and zero-knowledge without extra libraries.

References

  • RFC 8439 – ChaCha20 and Poly1305 for IETF Protocols: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8439
  • NIST SP 800-38D – Galois/Counter Mode (GCM): https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/38/d/final

Encrypt something locally

AES-256-GCM in your browser, no upload, no account.

Choose by platform

On servers and browsers with AES-NI, AES-GCM is fast and boring in the good way. On phones, embedded devices, and CPUs without crypto extensions, ChaCha20-Poly1305 usually wins.

Either way, never reuse a nonce under the same key. You can exercise AES-256-GCM locally with the AES-256-GCM Encryptor.

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